One question I hear all the time, is – When will rates drop to 4.00% (or 3.75% or whatever mortgage
rate is conceivable but just out of reach)? Mortgage rates are at all time lows, but it is human nature to always want a little better than what is available at the time. No one wants to take on a loan now and then have mortgage rates drop even lower. I usually hear this question after the market has gone in the wrong direction for a few days, but I was hearing variations of this last year (when will rates drop to 4.5%). Sometimes the question comes up after someone is referred to me by a friend or co-worker who just got a great rate, or by someone who heard someone talk about the unbelievably low rate they just locked into. In cases like this we don’t always get the whole story. If their friend locked into a 15 year fixed or an adjustable rate loan, the rate will be lower than the available 30 year fixed rates. Sometimes the friend doesn’t mention that they paid points (higher closing costs) in order to take on a lower rate. The truth is that there is not one mortgage rate available, but many. Your mortgage rate depends on what type of mortgage you are getting, your personal financial situation, the type of property, how much you are willing to pay to close and a number of other factors, as well as what is happening in the mortgage rates market at the time. We can break these down to three categories which determine what rate you can get on any particular day. Some people can get the best rates now, while others may not even be close.
The three factors that determine what rate you are able to get are:
- Your personal situation and the characteristics of your loan.
- What is happening in the mortgage backed securities markets and the back offices of the big lenders.
- How much you are willing to pay to get the loan.
Lets look at each of these in detail.
Your personal situation and your loan characteristics
When people are shopping for a mortgage, most assume that it is a one size fits all situation. But each loan is priced on its own. There are loan level price adjustments (price hits) for a variety of situations, and other things that influence your loan pricing. Some of the factors that could influence your pricing include:
- Fico scores –Fico scores above 740 get the best conventional pricing. When scores are below 700 the price hits get big (with conventional loans), which means higher interest rates or more money at closing. So the better your credit score, the better your chances of getting the lowest rate.
- Loan to value – Loan to value is a way of looking at how much equity you have in the property. The more equity you have, the less risk, so this can affect your pricing on the loan. This actually works two ways. If you don’t have much equity there can be price hits, but if you have lots of equity in your home the pricing could get better.
- Loan Amount – There are price hits for smaller (under $100,000) mortgages, but the bigger issue here is that bigger loans bring in more revenue for the company. It costs the same to process a $40,000 loan as it does a $400,000 loan. But at the same rate, the larger loan is much more profitable. This means that you will get better pricing for the larger loan amount. Also, if your loan is above the lending limits ($417,000 for a single family home in the Chicago area) this will be a Jumbo mortgage and the rates will be higher.
- Property type – There are price hits for financing condos (unless you have 25% equity) and multi unit buildings.
- Secondary financing – If you have a second mortgage or a home equity loan this could be another price hit, depending on how much equity you have in your home.
- Type of mortgage – If you take on an adjustable rate mortgage, or pay the loan off in a shorter time frame (15 years instead of 30 years) the rate will be lower. FHA loans are priced differently than conventional loans. Adjustable rate loans are always lower than fixed rates because you are taking on more risk. Make sure you are comparing apples to apples when you compare rates. If you have a friend who just refinanced into a loan in the 3s, it probably isn’t a 30 year fixed.
- Property use – If you don’t live in the property (and it isn’t a second or vacation home), it will be considered non-owner occupied, and there will be big price hits meaning higher rates.
Bottom line, each loan is priced individually. But even when you are comparing your own situation, mortgage rates can change from day to day.
What is happening in the mortgage backed securities markets and the back offices of the big lenders
This is going to get a little complicated, but here it goes -Mortgage rates go up and down based on what is happening in the economy, and this is reflected every day in the mortgage backed securities (MBS) markets. Lenders use these mortgage bonds to hedge their rates, buying up contracts and locking in their profits. They buy enough bonds to cover their expected production, and by buying bonds that match up to the rates they are charging, they know what rates they will deliver 30 or 60 days later when the loan actually closes. Locking in your rate means that you are guaranteeing the rate you will close at. This gives you security, and you know there won’t be any last minute surprises where the rate jumps higher at closing. But rates change every day. Good news in the economy (more jobs created, increased production) is looked at as bad news for mortgage rates, and bad news (loss of jobs, any sign that the economy is dipping) is looked at as wildly good news for mortgage rates. The reason for this is that the MBS market is a type of crystal ball. Investors in mortgage bonds include insurance companies and hedge funds, investment companies and other countries (especially China and Japan), buy mortgages bonds because they are considered low risk (even now, because the US government is behind them). The other group of buyers to add in to this mix are the traders who add liquidity to the market by making bets on the direction of interest rates by buying and selling these bonds.
The day to day change in mortgage rates is largely determined by economic news, and again, bad news in the economy usually means good news for mortgage rates. But there are a couple of other factors that shape mortgage rates each day. One major factor is the traders that buy and sell MBS. They react to each day’s news by buying and selling contracts, trying to get in front of whatever the trend appears to be. The market can be volatile and swings in the market on a day to day basis can be significant. But the truth is that rates normally trade in ranges (until something happens to push rates into a new range). So even with market swings, someone closely following the market can do a pretty good job of predicting when the rates are about to hit the best part of the range and it is time to lock in, or are near their worst levels when it is a better bet to float. But there is one other factor that makes this a little more complicated. The MBS market is the basis for mortgage rates, but the actual rates charged are determined by the lenders (usually the wholesale lenders who buy the majority of the loans in the mortgage aftermarket) making the loans. Lenders again hedge their pipelines to be able to guarantee their rate locks, and they are sophisticated enough that they play the ranges along with the traders in the market. But even if they have locked in their own pipelines, they don’t always offer the best pricing in their daily rates. Lenders offer rates based on whether they need more loans, or not. It takes time, effort and manpower to process and close a loan. When a lender has excess capacity, they are likely to offer better rates. When their pipelines are filled and they have more loans than they can handle in a reasonable amount of time, they turn off the spigot by raising rates. Sometimes you will have one wholesale lender who is more aggressive with their pricing than others, because they need more loan volume. Once their pipelines are filled, they come back in line with the other lenders in the market.
Right now the big question is what the Fed will do at their next meeting (November 3rd) and whether they will start a new policy of Quantitative easing, or pumping more money into the economy by buying treasuries and MBS. The goal of this policy will be to lower rates, and the smart money says that this policy is almost a sure bet. But the question then comes down to whether this will mean mortgage rates will actually fall lower, or if the pricing is already built in because everyone expects the Fed to pull the trigger soon. Mortgage rates dropped when the idea was first floated, so I am in the camp that a good portion of the improvement is already baked into the rates now. Rates could drop lower, but barring new evidence the economy is dropping lower, I don’t think we will drop a whole lot lower.
The bottom line here is that mortgage rates change on a daily basis, and sometimes the reasons are clear, other times they aren’t. Many borrowers are best served by just locking in the rate when they apply, and being able to relax knowing that they got a rate that works for their needs and they don’t have to worry that rates will spike higher. But if you want to try and time the rates, you either need to follow the market closely and be able to move fast when the time is right, or you need to work with someone who will do this for you. Find a good, knowledgeable loan officer who watches the market and they can help advise you on what the best strategy is for locking in your mortgage rate.
How much are you willing to pay to get the loan?
The last major factor in what rate you get is how much you are willing to pay to get the best mortgage rate. If you look at the rates in the newspaper or some of the rates quoted in the internet, rates are likely to look very low. But the flip side of the lowest rate quotes is that the cost of getting these rates (points and fees) is going to be higher. Because almost all lenders are getting their money from the same sources, mortgage rates should be very close from lender to lender. When comparing different rate options you need to make sure you are comparing apples to apples. Sometimes it makes sense to pay extra to get a lower rate, other times it is smarter to pay less (or no closing costs at all) and take on a slightly higher rate.
If you are thinking of refinancing your mortgage, you should always do a break even or pay back calculation. For this you need to know 3 things:
- How much will you save by refinancing?
- How much will it cost to refinance?
- How long do you think you will stay in the home, and with this mortgage?
The first step is to determine how much you will save. For an example, if you now have a mortgage with a $200,000 balance and a 5.00% interest rate., your mortgage payment is about $1,073 per month. Now, if current rates are at 4.00% (this is an example. Call me if you want a personal quote) the new mortgage payment would be $955per month. The lower rate means a savings of almost $118 each month. This is a great savings, especially when you look at it over the life of the loan, But does it make sense to refinance? Maybe. We still need to know more, though.
The next step is to find out how much it will cost to refinance. This is where it can get confusing. If you have spent any time on the Internet, you’ve seen lots of ads for mortgage companies claiming they offer the lowest rates. But low rates don’t mean a thing if you don’t look at the closing costs too. I’ve seen closing costs differ by as much as $6,000, so this is something that can make a huge difference. Closing costs include title fees, the cost of the appraisal and bank charges as well as points – which are upfront financing charges.
The difference in closing costs can make a big difference in whether the loan makes sense, or not. If you are paying $1,800 in total closing costs, it will take you a little over a year to payback the closing costs with the $92 savings from your new rate. After that, every payment you make will be a true savings. But if that same loan cost $6,000 to close, then it would take close to 5 years before you would get any benefit at all from refinancing. So the lowest rate isn’t always the best deal.
The last question, is how long you do you expect to be in your home and in the mortgage. If you plan to stay in the home for at least 10 years, then paying more to get a better rate might be the best strategy, especially if you think (like I do) that rates are about as low as they will ever go. But most people don’t stay in their home forever. If you aren’t sure how long you will stay in your home, you might be better served by getting a loan with lower closing costs. Even though the rate and payment may be a little higher, your savings will come much quicker.
We can take this idea one step further. When rates are down, the biggest obstacle to homeowners lowering their payments and taking advantage of the low rates is the cost of refinancing. The more that the loan costs, the longer you will need to be in the new loan before refinancing makes sense. So if a loan costs a lot up-front, it takes a big improvement in the rates before it is worth doing. On the other hand, if there are no costs at all, a small reduction in the rates can save you a lot of money over time.
With a no-cost refinance we use the yield spread premium (the money that the wholesale or end lenders pay us to bring them the loan) to pay for the closing costs. When I price loans I have several different options. Every day the lenders we deal with send us new price sheets. These sheets have matrices which allow us (the mortgage banker or broker) to price the loan in different ways. It is common in the Chicago area to price a loan to show no points or origination fees, but with the customer paying the normal costs at closing. If someone wants a lower rate, I can price it so that they pay more money up-front (points) and get a lower interest rate. We can also do it the other way, offering you a slightly higher interest rate (where the lender pays us a higher premium) and we can use part of this premium to cover all your closing costs.
Here is how it works. If you have a mortgage with a balance of $250,000 and an interest rate of 5.00%, your loan would have a monthly payment of $1,342 for principal and interest. If rates drop. and you are able to refinance at 4.00%, your new payment will be $1,193, for a savings of $148 per month.
In order to do the loan with no closing costs, we raise the rate a little to cover the costs. How much the rate increases depends on the size of the loan, but in most cases the loan will be just an 1/8 or 1/4 point higher. So with our example, if you could refinance at 4.00% with closing costs, let’s say the rate would be 4.125% with no closing costs. So the payment now goes up to $1,211 per month, or $18 per month higher. The monthly savings are lower, but with no closing costs , you have no investment in the mortgage at all. This works especially well for people who don’t plan on being in their home or their mortgage forever.
No-cost refinances work best when the loan amount is higher. In many cases we can do a no-cost refinance for the same rate as other companies are doing full cost loans. Smaller loans, those under $150,000 are harder to do without any cost. The smaller the loan the higher the interest rate would need to be in order to cover all the closing costs. This won’t be the best route for everyone, but, depending on your situation, it could be a great option.
So, when will rates drop to 4.00%, or 3.75% or …?
This post has gone the long way around, but the best rate available to you depends on your own unique situation, what is happening in the overall economy and how that is reflected in the mortgage backed securities markets and how much you are willing and able to pay in order to get a low mortgage rate. If you want to see where you stand, and what we can do to give you the rate and program that best fits your needs. If I can help in any way, give me a call.
Peter Thompson 630-479-6424
Illinois Mortgage Rates First time home buyer loans
Chicago Mortgage Refinance